Looking to boost your exam score? Look no further! We’ve compiled a list of the most important questions from the chapter just for you. Get ready to ace that test!
Q.1 In ancient Indian society, the concept of justice was closely associated with:
a) Karma
b) Dharma
c) Artha
d) Moksha
Answer: b) Dharma
Q.2 According to Confucius, how should kings maintain justice?
a) By expanding their territories
b) By rewarding wrongdoers
c) By punishing wrongdoers and rewarding the virtuous
d) By engaging in philosophical debates
Answer: c) By punishing wrongdoers and rewarding the virtuous
Q.3 In Plato’s ‘The Republic,’ which character discusses the importance of justice with Socrates?
a) Aristotle
b) Glaucon
c) Confucius
d) Adeimantus
Answer: b) Glaucon
Q.4 According to Socrates, what would happen if everyone were unjust?
a) Society would prosper
b) Only the clever would benefit
c) No one could be sure of benefiting from injustice
d) The concept of justice would be strengthened
Answer: c) No one could be sure of benefiting from injustice
Q.5 What is the primary concern of a just ruler or government?
a) Expanding their empire
b) Collecting taxes
c) Ensuring the well-being of the people
d) Maintaining power and control
Answer: c) Ensuring the well-being of the people
Q.6 Which philosopher argued that human beings possess dignity and should be given the opportunity to develop their talents?
a) Socrates
b) Plato
c) Confucius
d) Immanuel Kant
Answer: d) Immanuel Kant
Q.7 The idea that justice involves giving each person their due has evolved to include which of the following in modern understanding?
a) Wealth distribution
b) Social status
c) Human dignity
d) Political power
Answer: c) Human dignity
Q.8 The principle of “Equal Treatment for Equals” suggests that:
a) People should be treated differently based on their caste or race
b) All individuals deserve equal rights and equal treatment
c) Individuals should be rewarded differently based on their gender
d) All students should get equal marks regardless of their effort
Answer: b) All individuals deserve equal rights and equal treatment
Q.9 Which of the following rights are mentioned as being granted in most liberal democracies today?
a) Economic rights
b) Political rights
c) Educational rights
d) Religious rights
Answer: b) Political rights
Q.10 The principle of proportional justice implies that:
a) Everyone should be rewarded equally, regardless of effort
b) Rewards should be given based on the scale and quality of effort
c) Different kinds of work should receive the same reward
d) All students should receive equal marks in exams
Answer: b) Rewards should be given based on the scale and quality of effort
Q.11 Why might it be considered unfair to reward all students equally for an exam?
a) Because they are from different schools
b) Because they have different social backgrounds
c) Because they have put in different levels of effort and produced different quality answers
d) Because some students are naturally more talented
Answer: c) Because they have put in different levels of effort and produced different quality answers
Q.12 The principle of treating people with special needs differently is meant to:
a) Discriminate against them
b) Promote social justice
c) Ensure equal treatment in all situations
d) Provide equal rewards regardless of effort
Answer: b) Promote social justice
Q.13 Which of the following does the Indian Constitution allow for to promote justice for marginalized communities?
a) Equal pay for all workers
b) Reservations in government jobs and educational institutions
c) Free healthcare for all citizens
d) Equal distribution of wealth
Answer: b) Reservations in government jobs and educational institutions
Q.14 What challenge do governments face when trying to promote a just society ?
a) Choosing between economic growth and social justice
b) Harmonizing different principles of justice
c) Implementing strict laws for all citizens
d) Maintaining power while promoting equality
Answer: b) Harmonizing different principles of justice
Q.15 Which of the following might be a disadvantage for marginalized sections if merit is emphasized as the main principle of justice?
a) They may receive special treatment
b) They may be treated equally
c) They may be disadvantaged due to lack of access to facilities
d) They may have better opportunities
Answer: c) They may be disadvantaged due to lack of access to facilities
Q.16 According to John Rawls, what is necessary to arrive at a fair and just rule for society?
a) Ignoring personal interests
b) Acting with benevolence and generosity
c) Imagining oneself under a ‘veil of ignorance’
d) Prioritizing the interests of the majority
Answer: c) Imagining oneself under a ‘veil of ignorance’
Q.17 What does Rawls mean by the ‘veil of ignorance’?
a) Ignorance of one’s true identity
b) Lack of knowledge about social issues
c) Making decisions without knowing one’s future position in society
d) A state of complete ignorance about society
Answer: c) Making decisions without knowing one’s future position in society
Q.18 What does Rawls suggest is a merit of the ‘veil of ignorance’ approach?
a) It forces people to act heroically
b) It requires extraordinary sacrifices
c) It aligns rational self-interest with fairness
d) It eliminates the need for government intervention
Answer: c) It aligns rational self-interest with fairness
Q.19 Which philosopher is associated with the idea that justice involves helping the least privileged in society?
a) John Rawls
b) J. S. Mill
c) B.R. Ambedkar
d) Karl Marx
Answer: a) John Rawls
Q.20 What is a key difference between supporters of free markets and those who advocate for state intervention?
a) Free market supporters want complete equality
b) State interventionists want to eliminate the wealthy class
c) Free market supporters believe in minimal government interference
d) State interventionists believe in the absolute free distribution of resources
Answer: c) Free market supporters believe in minimal government interference
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