1. Exercise Questions along with answers:
i) Name any three common minerals used by you every day.
Answer: Three common minerals that we use every day are:
- Salt (Halite): It’s used in cooking and preserving food.
- Iron: Found in things like utensils, vehicles, and buildings.
- Quartz: Used in making glass and found in many electronic devices like watches and phones.
ii) What is an ore? Where are the ores of metallic minerals generally
located?
Answer: An ore is a naturally occurring rock or mineral from which metals can be extracted profitably.
Ores of metallic minerals are typically found in:
Sedimentary Rocks: Some ores, like iron, are found in layers of sediment that have built up over time.
Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks: Formed under high heat and pressure, often in mountainous or volcanic regions.
(iii) Name two regions rich in natural gas resources.
Answer: Two regions rich in natural gas resources are:
The North Sea and The Middle East
and the major producer countries of natural gas are:- Russia, Norway, UK, Netherlands.
(iv) Which sources of energy would you suggest for :-
(a) rural areas (b) coastal areas (c) Arid regions
Answer: (a) Rural Areas:
- Solar Energy: Reliable for lighting and small appliances.
- Biomass Energy: Using organic materials for cooking and heating.
(b) Coastal Areas:
- Wind Energy: Effective due to consistent sea breezes.
- Tidal Energy: Harnessing energy from ocean tides.
(c) Arid Regions:
Wind Energy: Useful for harnessing strong desert winds.
Solar Energy: Abundant sunlight makes it ideal for power generation.
(v) Give five ways in which you can save energy at home.
Answer:
1. Use Energy-Efficient Appliances: Pick appliances that use less electricity and have high energy ratings.
2. Turn Off Lights and Electronics: Switch off lights, TVs, and computers when not in use.
3. Unplug Devices: Disconnect chargers and appliances when not in use to prevent energy waste.
4. Use LED Bulbs: Replace old bulbs with LED ones to save energy.
5. Adjust Thermostat Settings: Lower the thermostat in winter and raise it in summer to cut heating and cooling costs.
2. Tick the correct answer:
(i) Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of minerals?
(a) They are created by natural processes.
(b) They have a definite chemical composition.
(c) They are inexhaustible.
(d) Their distribution is uneven.
Answer: (c) They are inexhaustible.
(ii) Which one of the following is NOT a producer of mica?
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Karnataka
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: (b) Karnataka
(iii) Which one of the following is a leading producer of copper in the world?
(a) Bolivia
(b) Ghana
(c) Chile
(d) Zimbabwe
Answer: (c) Chile
(iv) Which one of the following practices will NOT conserve LPG in your kitchen.
(a) Soaking the dal for some time before cooking it.
(b) Cooking food in a pressure cooker.
(c) Keeping the vegetables chopped before lighting the gas for cooking.
(d) Cooking food in an open pan kept on low flame.
Answer: (d) Cooking food in an open pan kept on low flame.
3. Give Reasons:-
(i) Why must environmental aspects be checked before building huge dams?
Big dams can flood land, displace people, and harm wildlife. Checking helps prevent these problems.
(ii) Why are most industries near coal mines?
Industries need lots of energy and coal. Being close to coal cuts transport costs and ensures a steady supply.
(iii) Why is petroleum called “black gold”?
Petroleum is called “black gold” because it’s very valuable and essential for energy.
(iv) Why is quarrying an environmental concern?
Quarrying can destroy land, cause erosion, and pollute water. It needs careful management to avoid damage.
4. Distinguish between the following:
(i) Conventional and Non-Conventional Sources of Energy:
| Conventional Sources: | Non-Conventional Sources: |
| These are traditional energy sources like coal, oil, and natural gas. | These include renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower. |
| They have been used for a long time and are often non-renewable. | They are newer and can be replenished naturally. |
(ii) Biogas and Natural Gas:
| Biogas: | Natural Gas: |
| This is produced from organic waste through microbial action. | This is found underground in fossil fuel deposits. |
| It mainly contains methane and carbon dioxide and is often used for cooking and electricity. | It mainly contains methane and is used for cooking, heating, and electricity. |
(iii) Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Minerals:
| Ferrous Minerals: | Non-Ferrous Minerals: |
| These contain iron, such as iron ore. | These do not contain iron, like copper and aluminum ores. |
| They are used to make steel and other alloys. | They are used in various industries for different purposes. |
(iv) Metallic and Non-Metallic Minerals:
| Metallic Minerals: | Non-Metallic Minerals: |
| These contain metals like gold, silver, and copper. | These do not contain metals, such as limestone and gypsum. |
| They are used to make products like coins and electronics. | They are used in construction and agriculture. |
