Looking to boost your exam score? Look no further! We’ve compiled a list of the most important questions from the chapter ‘Equality’ just for you. Get ready to ace that test!
Multiple Choice Questions along with answers
Q.1 What is the core idea behind the concept of equality in society?
a) Everyone has different worth based on their status
b) All individuals deserve equal respect due to their shared humanity
c) Social class dictates the level of respect individuals receive
d) Equality is determined by one’s wealth and influence
Answer: b) All individuals deserve equal respect due to their shared humanity
Q.2 How did the French Revolutionaries view the concept of equality in their struggle?
a) As a tool to reinforce the monarchy
b) As a means to maintain social hierarchy
c) As a rallying cry against the feudal aristocracy and monarchy
d) As a way to preserve colonial power structures
Answer: c) As a rallying cry against the feudal aristocracy and monarchy
Q.3 In contemporary society, which groups are commonly seen advocating for greater equality?
a) Economic elites
b) Established political parties
c) Marginalized groups such as women and minorities
d) Wealthy industrialists
Answer: c) Marginalized groups such as women and minorities
Q.4 When we observe stark contrasts like luxury housing next to slums, what does this reveal about our society?
a) The effective implementation of equal opportunity
b) The visible nature of inequality compared to equality
c) A balanced distribution of wealth
d) Successful eradication of social disparities
Answer: b) The visible nature of inequality compared to equality
Q.5 How does the consumption of resources in advanced industrial countries compare to that in developing countries?
a) It is much lower in advanced industrial countries
b) It is similar in both types of countries
c) It is significantly higher in advanced industrial countries
d) It is only slightly higher in advanced industrial countries
Answer: c) It is significantly higher in advanced industrial countries
Q.6 In terms of global pollution, which group is noted for contributing the most emissions?
a) Developing countries
b) Industrialized nations
c) Small island nations
d) Emerging economies
Answer: b) Industrialized nations
Q.7 When considering the risk of pregnancy-related deaths, how do figures in developing countries compare to those in developed countries?
a) They are much lower in developing countries
b) They are the same in both types of countries
c) They are much higher in developing countries
d) They are slightly higher in developed countries
Answer: c) They are much higher in developing countries
Q.8 What primary question does the concept of equality address in social and political theory?
a) How can we eliminate all forms of social stratification?
b) What does it mean to be equal despite our differences?
c) How can we ensure equal income for everyone?
d) What are the causes of social inequalities in different countries?
Answer: b) What does it mean to be equal despite our differences?
Q.9 According to the text, what kind of equality are we pursuing if we aim to address differences in income and status?
a) Absolute equality where everyone receives the same rewards
b) Equality of opportunity where social conditions do not pre-determine outcomes
c) Equality of outcome where all results are identical
d) Economic equality where wealth is equally distributed
Answer: b) Equality of opportunity where social conditions do not pre-determine outcomes
Q.10 Which of the following best describes “equality of opportunity”?
a) Ensuring everyone has the same income level
b) Providing the same opportunities to everyone without being influenced by their background
c) Making all individuals have the same results
d) Assigning identical roles and responsibilities to all individuals
Answer: b) Providing the same opportunities to everyone without being influenced by their background
Q.11 What does the commitment to equality imply about differences in personal achievements?
a) All achievements should be equal regardless of effort
b) Differences in achievements are acceptable as long as opportunities are not pre-determined by social circumstances
c) Achievements should be eliminated to promote equality
d) Equal achievements are necessary for a fair society
Answer: b) Differences in achievements are acceptable as long as opportunities are not pre-determined by social circumstances.
Q.12 Which scenario is an example of inequality that is considered unacceptable according to the text?
a) Different levels of professional achievement among individuals
b) A child in a slum being denied basic necessities like nutritious food and education
c) Varied career aspirations and successes among individuals
d) Differences in lifestyle choices among adults
Answer: b) A child in a slum being denied basic necessities like nutritious food and education.
Q.13 How should societies address inequalities arising from social positions and circumstances?
a) By accepting these inequalities as inevitable
b) By adjusting social rules and policies to reduce unfair advantages and disadvantages
c) By enforcing identical treatment across all social classes
d) By ignoring social inequalities to focus solely on economic growth
Answer: b) By adjusting social rules and policies to reduce unfair advantages and disadvantages.
Q.14 According to the text, which of the following is NOT a significant factor in determining an unequal and unjust society?
a) Differences in career success such as becoming an ace cricketer or a successful lawyer
b) Inequalities in access to basic goods like education, healthcare, and safe housing
c) Natural differences in individual talents and skills
d) Socially-produced inequalities resulting from unequal access to opportunities
Answer: a) Differences in career success such as becoming an ace cricketer or a successful lawyer.
Q.15 What is the primary difference between natural inequalities and socially-produced inequalities?
a) Natural inequalities are unchangeable, while socially-produced inequalities can be altered by society
b) Natural inequalities are based on social class, while socially-produced inequalities are based on talent
c) Socially-produced inequalities are inherent and cannot be altered
d) Natural inequalities result from societal values, whereas socially-produced inequalities are due to individual choices
Answer: a) Natural inequalities are unchangeable, while socially-produced inequalities can be altered by society.
Q.16 How have advances in medical science and technology impacted the concept of natural inequalities?
a) They have confirmed that natural differences are unchangeable
b) They have made it possible to overcome some natural limitations, challenging the idea that certain differences are unalterable
c) They have reinforced the belief that natural differences justify unequal treatment
d) They have minimized the importance of acknowledging natural inequalities
Answer: b) They have made it possible to overcome some natural limitations, challenging the idea that certain differences are unalterable.
Q.17 What is the focus of contemporary theorists regarding inequalities?
a) Eliminating all forms of inequality, whether natural or socially produced
b) Minimizing and eliminating inequalities based on family background or circumstance of birth
c) Ensuring that all differences are considered natural and unchangeable
d) Promoting inequalities that arise from individual choices and efforts
Answer: b) Minimizing and eliminating inequalities based on family background or circumstance of birth.
Q.18 Which of the following is an example of socially-produced inequality according to the text?
a) Differences in natural talent between individuals
b) Varied levels of success in different career paths
c) Discrimination based on race, gender, or caste
d) Differences in personal preferences and choices
Answer: c) Discrimination based on race, gender, or caste
Q.19 What are the three main dimensions of equality ?
a) Political, social, and cultural
b) Economic, legal, and social
c) Political, social, and economic
d) Legal, educational, and financial
Answer: c) Political, social, and economic
Q.20 What is a key component of political equality in democratic societies?
a) Equal access to luxury goods
b) Equal citizenship rights including the right to vote, freedom of expression, and movement
c) Equal income distribution
d) Equal career success
Answer: b) Equal citizenship rights including the right to vote, freedom of expression, and movement
Q.21 What is the purpose of striving for social equality beyond political equality?
a) To ensure identical results in all areas of life
b) To provide a fair chance for all individuals to compete for opportunities and resources
c) To eliminate all forms of competition
d) To guarantee the same standard of living for everyone
Answer: b) To provide a fair chance for all individuals to compete for opportunities and resources
Q.22 What is a major characteristic of economic inequality in a society?
a) Equal distribution of wealth and property
b) Significant differences in wealth, property, or income between individuals or classes
c) Uniformity in income and wealth across all classes
d) Complete eradication of poverty
Answer: b) Significant differences in wealth, property, or income between individuals or classes
Q.23 How can societal customs and social prohibitions affect equality of opportunities?
a) They ensure that all individuals have equal opportunities regardless of their background
b) They may create barriers that prevent certain groups, such as women, from accessing equal opportunities
c) They promote equal access to education and employment
d) They help in maintaining absolute economic equality
Answer: b) They may create barriers that prevent certain groups, such as women, from accessing equal opportunities
Q.24 According to Marx, what is the root cause of entrenched inequality in society?
a) Lack of competition
b) Private ownership of economic resources and property
c) Insufficient government intervention
d) Unequal educational opportunities
Answer: b) Private ownership of economic resources and property
Q.25 Which of the following statements reflects the views of socialists on inequality?
a) Inequality in each sphere should be tackled separately.
b) Inequality is not a concern as long as it does not prevent individuals from developing their capabilities.
c) Inequalities are a result of industrial capitalist economies and should be minimized.
d) All forms of inequality will automatically end if economic inequality is eliminated.
Answer: c) Inequalities are a result of industrial capitalist economies and should be minimized.
Q.26 According to liberals, what is the primary concern regarding inequality?
a) Inequality in wealth distribution.
b) Unjust and entrenched inequalities that prevent individual development.
c) Inequality between man and woman.
d) Colonial rule of some countries over others.
Answer: b) Unjust and entrenched inequalities that prevent individual development.
Q.27 Rammanohar Lohia identified which of the following as one of the five inequalities to be fought against?
a) Inequality between man and woman.
b) Inequality based on religion.
c) Inequality in educational opportunities.
d) Inequality based on profession.
Answer: a) Inequality between man and woman.
Q.28 Rammanohar Lohia’s Seven Revolutions do NOT include which of the following?
a) Revolution for civil liberties against unjust encroachments on private life.
b) Revolution for non-violence.
c) Revolution for technological superiority.
d) Revolution against colonial rule.
Answer: c) Revolution for technological superiority.
Q.29 What does the text suggest is necessary beyond formal equality to realize true equality?
a) Affirmative action policies.
b) Providing identical treatment to all individuals.
c) Abolishing all forms of special treatment.
d) Encouraging competition in all sectors.
Answer: a) Affirmative action policies.
Q.30 Why are special facilities for disabled people considered an enhancement of equality rather than an infringement?
a) They ensure disabled people can enjoy equal rights.
b) They help disabled people outperform others.
c) They are mandated by law.
d) They create a separate but equal environment.
Answer: a) They ensure disabled people can enjoy equal rights.
Q.31 What distinction does the text make in the context of equality as a guiding principle?
a) Between treating everyone identically and treating everyone as equals.
b) Between economic and social equality.
c) Between formal and informal equality.
d) Between affirmative action and positive discrimination.
Answer: a) Between treating everyone identically and treating everyone as equals.
Q.32 How does the text describe the role of the state in promoting equality?
a) By reserving seats for deprived communities.
b) By treating everyone the same regardless of their background.
c) By eliminating all forms of special treatment.
d) By promoting competition among all citizens.
Answer: a) By reserving seats for deprived communities.