Q.1 Why do nomadic pastoralists move from one area to another? (2)

Q.2 Explain the seasonal movement of Gujjar Bakarwals in Jammu and Kashmir. (2)

Q.3 Discuss the historical and contemporary significance of nomadic pastoralists in India and Africa. (3)

Q.4 Examine the impact of colonialism on the lives of nomadic pastoralists. (5)

Q.5 Elaborate on the role of women in the economic activities of Gujjar cattle herders. (2)

Q.6 Who were the Gollas, and how did their lifestyle differ from mountain pastoralists? (3)

Q.7 How did Raikas in Rajasthan combine cultivation with pastoralism? (2)

Q.8 How did the herding communities combine cultivation, trade, and herding to sustain their livelihoods? (5)

Q.9 Why did the colonial state want to transform grazing lands into cultivated farms? (2)

Q.10 Explain the significance of Forest Acts in colonial India and their impact on pastoralists. (2)

Q.11 What was the Criminal Tribes Act of 1871, and how did it affect nomadic communities? (3)

Q.12 Examine the impact of grazing tax on pastoralists’ livelihoods and the changes in tax collection methods over time. (3)

Q.13 Explore the role of the Royal Commission on Agriculture in highlighting the challenges faced by pastoralists in the 1920s. (2)

Q.14 Explain the reasons behind the colonial suspicion of nomadic people and the consequences of such suspicion. (3)

Q.15 What strategies did pastoralists adopt in response to the shortage of pastures during colonial rule? (2)

Q.16 In what ways did richer pastoralists respond to the challenges posed by colonial policies? (3)

Q.17 Discuss the continued significance of pastoralism in the modern world and its sustainability. (3)

Q.18 What communities in Africa depend on pastoral activities for their livelihood? (1)

Q.19 Why is rain-fed agriculture difficult in the semi-arid grasslands or arid deserts where African pastoralists live? (2)

Q.20 Explain the consequences of turning Maasai grazing lands into game reserves during the colonial period. (3)

Q.21 What issues did the Kaokoland herders in Namibia face due to territorial boundaries? (2)

Q.22 What restrictions were imposed on African pastoralists’ movements during the colonial period? (3)

Q.23 How did the British administration affect the traditional authority of elders and warriors among the Maasai? (5)

Q.24 How did the lives of poor pastoralists differ from those of wealthy chiefs in Maasai society during war and famine? (3)