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Exercise Questions/Answers of NCERT class 10th
These are the NCERT questions and answers from Chapter 5 – Minerals and Energy Resources. They are carefully prepared to help students clearly understand key ideas and learn how to write well-structured, scoring answers. NCERT questions form the foundation of every chapter, and practicing them helps build strong conceptual clarity. These solutions will guide you in framing your answers effectively, using the right terms and logic needed in exams. It’s always a smart step to master these NCERT questions before moving on to extra or higher-level questions.
Q.1 Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following minerals is formed by decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered material?
(a) coal
(b) bauxite
(c) gold
(d) zinc
Answer: (b) bauxite
(ii) Koderma, in Jharkhand is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals?
(a) bauxite
(b) mica
(c) iron ore
(d) copper
Answer: (b) mica
(iii) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratas of which of the following rocks?
(a) sedimentary rocks
(b) metamorphic rocks
(c) igneous rocks
(d) none of the above
Answer: (a) sedimentary rocks
(iv) Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand?
(a) oil
(b) uranium
(c) thorium
(d) coal
Answer: (c) thorium
Q.2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Distinguish between the following in not more than 30 words.
(a) Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals
Answer: Ferrous minerals contain iron and are mainly used in the iron and steel industry.
Examples: Iron ore, manganese.
Non-ferrous minerals do not contain iron and are used in various industries.
Examples: Copper, bauxite.
(b) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy
Answer: Conventional sources of energy are traditional sources that have been used for a long time and are mostly exhaustible.
Examples: Coal, petroleum.
Non-conventional sources of energy are newer sources that are renewable and less polluting.
Examples: Solar energy, wind energy.
(ii) What is a mineral?
Answer: A mineral is a natural substance found inside the Earth that has a fixed chemical composition and specific physical properties.
(iii) How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Answer: Minerals in igneous and metamorphic rocks are found in veins and lodes. They are formed when molten minerals fill cracks and crevices and solidify on cooling.
(iv) Why do we need to conserve mineral resources ?
Answer: We need to conserve mineral resources because they are limited and non-renewable.
Their excessive use can lead to rapid depletion. Mineral extraction also causes environmental damage, so careful and judicious use ensures availability for future generations.
Q.3 Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Describe the distribution of coal in India.
Answer: Coal in India is mainly found in sedimentary rock formations. Most of the coal deposits belong to the Gondwana coalfields, which are about 250 million years old. These are located mainly in the eastern and south-central parts of the country. Important Gondwana coalfields include Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro, and Giridih in Jharkhand and West Bengal, mainly in the Damodar Valley. Coal is also found in Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh. In the southern region, coal occurs in the Godavari valley of Telangana. Besides this, Tertiary coal is found in North-eastern states and lignite coal is found in Neyveli, Tamil Nadu. Thus, coal distribution in India is uneven.
(ii) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
Answer: Solar energy has a bright future in India due to several reasons:-
- India receives strong sunlight for most of the year, which allows easy use of solar power.
Example: Rooftop solar panels generate electricity in many homes. - Solar energy is renewable, so it does not get exhausted like coal or petroleum.
Example: Solar plants continue producing power without fuel. - It is a clean source of energy and does not release smoke or harmful gases.
Example: Solar lights work without causing air pollution. - Solar energy helps areas with poor electricity supply, especially villages and remote regions.
Example: Solar lanterns and pumps are used in rural India. - The government actively promotes solar power through schemes and solar parks.
Example: Installation of large solar parks and rooftop solar projects.
Note: Answering styles vary with different perspectives. Some write in paragraphs, others prefer point-wise formats. Choose your own way of writing, but make sure your answers include the required examples and highlight important points first. This flexibility helps you present your answers more clearly and effectively!
