Have you ever wondered why we have rules at home, in school, or on the road? Without rules, there would be confusion everywhere! Imagine a classroom where no one listens to the teacher—total chaos!

Just like rules help at home and school, they are needed in society too. We need rules to keep order and authorities to make sure everyone follows them.

• The process of making rules and ensuring they are followed is called governance.
• The system or officials that create and enforce these rules is called the government. But who makes these rules? Can they change? Let’s find out!

Three Organs of Government:-

Well, now you know what is Government, but the government is not a single person. The government needs to serve different purposes. Hence, it has three different branches or organs:

1. Legislature – This branch makes and updates laws.
   • Who are Legislatures?
     • They are elected representatives, like Members of Parliament (MPs) and Members of Legislative Assemblies (MLAs).
2. Executive – This branch enforces and implements the laws.
   • Who are Executives?
     • This involves the President, Prime Minister, Ministers, and the police or any agency responsible for keeping order.
3. Judiciary – This branch decides punishments and checks if laws are fair.
   • Who is Judiciary?
     • The judiciary is the system of courts, like the Supreme Court, High Courts and District Courts

For example: The shift from offline to online payment made life easier but also created new threats like cybercrimes. So, here all three organs will do their respective works:

• Each organ has its own task to perform, and no one can intervene in another’s task. This is called Separation of Powers.
• However, they still interact and work together to maintain a balanced system.

What if any of these organs take advantage of their power?

Well, if this happens, it can cause problems in the government.

But don’t worry, we have a solution.

• In our country, each organ can check the others and fix things if they go wrong. This is called checks and balances.
  • For Example:- If the Legislature makes a bad law, the Judiciary can step in and say it’s unfair.

Three Levels of Government

• It’s difficult for just one level of government to manage the entire country.
• That’s why we have three levels: Local, State, and Union or Central Governments.
• Each level has different responsibilities and works together to make sure everything runs smoothly.

→ Government of India’s Motto:

• Satyameva Jayate – “Truth alone triumphs.”

→ Supreme Court’s Motto:

• Yato Dharmastato Jayah – “Where there is dharma, there is victory.”

• Born: 1931, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu
• Nicknamed: “Missile Man of India”
• Famous for:
  • His role in India’s space programme,
  • missile development,
  • and nuclear capabilities.
• 11th President of India (2002-2007).

Democracy:-

• Democracy means “rule by the people.”
• It comes from two Greek words: dēmos (people) and kratos (rule). So, in democracy, the people make decisions.

How Does Democracy Work?

• Imagine your class wants to tell the principal something important, but not everyone can go. So, your class chooses a representative to speak for them.
• In a democracy, people choose representatives like MLAs (in states) or MPs (in the national government) to speak and make decisions for them.
• Thus, people choose representatives by voting in elections.

India’s Democracy:-

• India is the largest democracy in the world.
• Over 970 million people in India can vote in elections to choose their representatives.
• If you’re above 18 years old, you can also vote!

Direct Democracy: It is a type of democracy where all citizens directly participate in decision-making, without representatives. (This type of democracy works well in countries with a small population.)

Grassroots democracy: It means that everyone, even in small towns or villages, can have a say in what happens in their community.