Assignment Questions:
Q.1 What are the key features of federalism as outlined in the Indian Constitution? (5)
Or
Describe any three federal features of Indian democracy. (Previously asked question) (3)
Q.2 Explain the role of judiciary in the federal System of India. (3)
Q.3 Describe any three steps taken by the government towards decentralization in the year 1992. (3)
Q.4 Describe the rationale behind the implementation of Decentralization in India. (Previously asked question) (2)
Answers:
Answer 1: The five main points outlining the key features of federalism in the Indian Constitution:
- Distribution of Legislative Powers: The Constitution divides legislative powers between the Union (Central) Government and State Governments.
- Three Lists: These powers are categorized into three lists: Union List, State List, and Concurrent List, specifying the subjects each level of government can legislate on.
- Special Status: Some states, like Assam, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, and Mizoram, enjoy special powers due to unique circumstances.
- Union Territories: Certain areas, like Union Territories, have limited powers and are administered directly by the Central Government.
- Role of Judiciary: Courts, including the Supreme Court, settle disputes regarding the division of powers between the Union and States.
Answer 2: The judiciary in India’s federal system plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance between the Union Government and State Governments. It has the following roles:
- Interpretation of the Constitution: The judiciary interprets the Constitution, ensuring that both the Union and State Governments adhere to their defined powers.
- Resolving Disputes: In case of disputes regarding the division of powers, the judiciary, including the Supreme Court, acts as an impartial arbiter to settle conflicts.
- Safeguarding Federal Structure: The courts safeguard the federal structure by ensuring that neither level of government encroaches upon the other’s powers, maintaining the integrity of India’s federal system.
Answer 3: In 1992, the Indian government took several steps to decentralize governance:
- Panchayati Raj Expansion: The government enacted the 73rd Amendment Act, which enabled the establishment of Panchayati Raj institutions in rural areas. This move aimed to empower local self-governance.
- Strengthening Urban Local Bodies: In the same year, the government introduced the 74th Amendment Act, encouraging the formation of Urban Local Bodies in urban areas. This initiative aimed to reinforce local governance in cities and towns.
- Constitutional Acknowledgment: These amendments provided constitutional recognition to decentralized governance, enhancing citizen participation at the grassroots level.
Answer 4: The implementation of decentralization in India is driven by several key rationales:
- Effective Governance: Decentralization aims to bring governance closer to the people. By devolving powers and responsibilities to local bodies, it enables more efficient and responsive administration.
- Local Empowerment: It empowers local communities to actively participate in decision-making processes, promoting democracy and citizen engagement at the grassroots level.
- Reduction of Regional Disparities: Decentralization helps bridge regional disparities by addressing local needs and ensuring equitable development across different regions.
- Efficient Resource Management: Local bodies can manage resources and allocate funds based on local priorities, leading to more effective utilization of resources.
- Enhanced Service Delivery: It improves the delivery of public services by tailoring them to local requirements, resulting in better outcomes for citizens.