Q.1 What was apartheid, and how did it affect the people of South Africa? (2)

Q.2 How did the process of drafting and adopting the new South African constitution contribute to the transition from apartheid to democracy in the country? (5)

Q.3 What changes in policies did the apartheid government make as protests and struggles increased? (3)

Q.4 When did Nelson Mandela become the first president of the new South Africa? (1)

Q.5 Explain the role of the African National Congress (ANC) in the struggle against apartheid. (3)

Q.6 Analyze the spirit and principles embodied in the preamble to the South African Constitution. (5)

Q.7 What is the primary purpose of a constitution in any country? (2)

Q.8 What are the four key functions of a constitution? (5)

Q.9 Why do almost all democracies have a written constitution? (2)

Q.10 Can you explain why a constitution is considered the supreme law of a country? (3)

Q.11 Why is it important for a constitution to specify the limits on government powers, and how does this relate to the South African experience? (5)

Q.12 Explore the relationship between a constitution and the aspirations of the people in creating a good society. (3)

Q.13 Analyze the role of a constitution in ensuring the rights of citizens and protecting the interests of diverse groups within a nation. (5)

Q.14 How does the presence of a constitution contribute to the stability and functioning of a democratic government? (3)

Q.15 What were some basic values and ideas that were widely accepted by Indian leaders before the Constituent Assembly met? (3)

Q.16 How did the experience of colonial rule influence the institutional design of India’s constitution? (3)

Q.17 How did Motilal Nehru and other Congress leaders contribute to the idea of India’s future constitution? (3)

Q.18 When did the Constituent Assembly of India adopt the Constitution, and when did it come into effect? (2)

Q.19 Explain the significance of the consensus on basic values and ideas among Indian leaders before the Constituent Assembly convened. (5)

Q.20 Discuss how the experience of colonial rule and the Government of India Act, 1935, influenced the institutional design of India’s constitution. (5)

Q.21 How do the Constituent Assembly Debates help in interpreting the meaning of the Indian Constitution’s provisions? (3)

Q.22 What is the purpose of the preamble to the Indian Constitution? (3)

Q.23 Why is it common for countries to begin their constitutions with a preamble? (3)

Q.24 Discuss the differences in the ways Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar envisioned the removal of inequalities in India. (3)

Q.25 Why is the Preamble of the Indian Constitution considered the soul of the Constitution? (2)

Q.26 What were the significant changes made to the Preamble of the Indian Constitution in 1976? (2)

Q.27 Compare the Preambles of the United States of America, India, and South Africa. What common ideas do they share? (3)