Category: Class 9th

Introduction: In this chapter we will learn about the river system or Drainage system of India. This chapter will also help you to know the importance of water and some conservation methods for such a precious resource. So, let’s began with some important terms. Drainage Systems in India: Drainage System: It refers to the way […]

Introduction: This chapter deals with one of the most important features of a democratic country. In the previous lesson, we learnt about the functioning and powers of different institutions. Now, we will learn about the democratic rights of citizens in order to limits the power of the government. Along with, we will also look at […]

Introduction: The French Revolution lead the people towards new ideas about how the structure of society should be. Many Europeans and people from different parts of the world began shaping their own ideas. People discussed about individual rights and demanded several changes in the society. Personalities like Raja Rammohan Roy and Derozio, in India, talked […]

Introduction: In a democratic country, the elected rulers follow some rules and procedures. They work within different institutions and perform their respective functions. These institutions help to prevent concentration of power and attain efficiency in the working of the government. In this chapter, you would know about the Indian institutional design. How is a major […]

Introduction: In civics, we generally study about the political system, institutions, people’s rights and freedom. Similarly, Last year, you learnt about the basic principles in the preamble, Laws and Indian Constitution. So you would have an idea what forces help in running the government. This year, you have to understand what kind of government works […]

Introduction: The terms like Liberty, equality and fraternity are common in the contemporary world. Although, there was a time when people could not even think of getting such basic rights. People had to obey the order of autocratic monarchs and face hardships due to lack of basic amenities. In Europe, a feudal system existed. Moreover, […]

Introduction: In previous chapters, we learnt about the better form of government i.e. democracy and the way leaders designed our constitution on democratic principles. Well, this chapter will help you understand how democratic election process is conducted in India. Also, the provision that makes people represent themselves and educational qualifications for candidates. Moreover, you will […]

Introduction: In the previous chapter you learnt about Democracy. You came to know its meaning and how it is different from Non democracy. This chapter will help you to know Constitutional design of a democracy. Also the need of Constitution to run a country well. We will also know who designs them and in what […]

Introduction: India is a vast country where different types of bio-forms are available. There is huge variety in the species of animals and plants can be seen due to which India is among the 12 mega bio-diversity country. India: Virgin Vegetation: Types of vegetation: Flora: Plants of a particular region or period. Fauna: Species of […]