Author: Preeti

Introduction: In civics, we generally study about the political system, institutions, people’s rights and freedom. Similarly, Last year, you learnt about the basic principles in the preamble, Laws and Indian Constitution. So you would have an idea what forces help in running the government. This year, you have to understand what kind of government works […]

Introduction: This chapter will take you to those days when European traders saw India as the profitable trading place. They came as a trader (or for trade purpose) but eventually took control over the administration and became powerful. It will also help you to know the entire story of the establishment of British Raj in […]

Introduction: The terms like Liberty, equality and fraternity are common in the contemporary world. Although, there was a time when people could not even think of getting such basic rights. People had to obey the order of autocratic monarchs and face hardships due to lack of basic amenities. In Europe, a feudal system existed. Moreover, […]

Introduction: Our planet (earth) appears blue as three-fourth of the earth’s surface is covered with water. Yet, we often hear the news of water scarcity. Well, many of you may know the reason, why? but don’t know the solution, how? So, this chapter will direct you towards the need and corrective measures for conserving water […]

Introduction: The food living beings consume, water intake, clothes wear and live in, all are the products of nature. And humans have termed these sources of livelihood as resources. All living beings need these resources but often human beings become indifferent towards the problems related to resources. Here, in the first chapter we will learn […]

Introduction: Every society has many kinds of people. How politics deals with these differences decides whether we stay united or get divided. In India, we have largely stayed together, but differences still exist. In this chapter, we look at three major social divisions ; gender, religion, and caste and how they appear in politics. Social […]

Introduction: Nature is full of resources. Living beings use these resources for different purposes. The thing that makes them useful is their worth. If any of these resources get exhausted, it can affect the lives of human beings and other creatures. Therefore, it becomes important for everyone to learn about the significance of resources. In […]

Introduction: “Every person wants something or the other for leading a good life.” What does it suggest? Does it say that the needs of every person are different but the ultimate goal is to attain a happy and healthy life. Of course yes. Since the circumstances around an individual differ, a person aspires for different […]

Introduction: “Sharing power is equal to strengthening power” This is what we learnt in the previous chapter. Now, we will go further and study about vertical division in a more illustrated way. So, let’s begin with the most common term used for power sharing; i.e. federalism. What is federalism? Federalism is a system of government […]

Introduction: As it is clear from the title, we are going to discuss about Minerals and energy resources in this post. This chapter deals with all the resources on our Earth which have become an inseparable part of our daily life. We extract these resources, convert them and finally make use of them. These resources […]