Here are the Assertion & Reason Questions of Chapter 1 ‘Resources and development’. These questions will help you practice different types of questions which can be asked in exams.
Must practice these Assertion/Reason questions
Q.1 Assertion (A): Resources are not free gifts of nature.
Reason (R): Resources are created through the interaction of human beings with nature using technology.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Resources become useful only when humans apply knowledge and technology to natural materials.
Q.2 Assertion (A): Indiscriminate use of resources has led to environmental problems.
Reason (R): Overuse of resources has caused issues like land degradation, global warming, and ozone depletion.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Overexploitation of resources for human greed has led to severe ecological crises.
Q.3 Assertion (A): Sustainable development is necessary for the survival of future generations.
Reason (R): Sustainable development means using resources for present needs without compromising future needs.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Sustainability ensures that natural resources are conserved for future generations.
Q.4 Assertion (A): Agenda 21 was adopted to encourage countries to exploit natural resources more.
Reason (R): Agenda 21 promotes economic development at the cost of the environment.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. Both A and R are false
Answer:- d. Both A and R are false
Explanation: Agenda 21 promotes sustainable development, not exploitation of resources.
Q.5 Assertion (A): Resource planning is essential in India.
Reason (R): India has uneven distribution of resources across different regions.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Some Indian states are rich in one resource but poor in others; hence balanced planning is required.
Q.6 Assertion (A): The availability of resources automatically leads to development.
Reason (R): Development depends only on the natural richness of a region.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is false, but R is true
d. Both A and R are false
Answer:- d. Both A and R are false
Explanation: Development depends not only on natural resources but also on technology, institutions, and human resources.
Q.7 Assertion (A): Gandhiji believed that greed and modern technology are responsible for resource depletion.
Reason (R): He supported mass production using machines to meet growing needs.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- c. A is true, but R is false
Explanation: Gandhiji was against mass production and preferred production by the masses. He blamed greed and exploitative technology for resource depletion.
Q.8 Assertion (A): Net Sown Area (NSA) is high in states like Punjab and Haryana.
Reason (R): These states have fertile alluvial soil and good irrigation facilities.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Punjab and Haryana have over 80% NSA due to fertile land and well-developed irrigation from rivers and canals.
Q.9 Assertion (A): Land under permanent pastures in India has decreased over the years.
Reason (R): Pasture lands are being diverted to construction and cultivation.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Pressure on land for urbanisation and agriculture has reduced grazing land.
Q.10 Assertion (A): Over-irrigation in Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh has led to land degradation.
Reason (R): Over-irrigation causes water logging which increases salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Excess water prevents proper air circulation and leads to salt accumulation, degrading soil quality.
Q.11 Assertion (A): Black soil is also known as cotton soil.
Reason (R): Black soil is ideal for cotton cultivation due to its moisture retention capacity and fertility.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: The clayey texture and nutrient-rich composition of black soil make it suitable for cotton farming.
Q.12 Assertion (A): Alluvial soil is found mainly in the Peninsular Plateau.
Reason (R): Alluvial soil is deposited by rivers in flood plains and deltas.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is false, but R is true
d. A is true, but R is false
Answer:- c. A is false, but R is true
Explanation: Alluvial soil is mostly found in the northern plains and river deltas, not in the Peninsular Plateau.
Q.13 Assertion (A): Soil is a renewable resource, but it takes millions of years to form just a few centimeters.
Reason (R): Soil formation is a slow process influenced by climate, parent rock, relief, and organisms.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Soil takes thousands to millions of years to form through natural physical and chemical processes.
Q.14 Assertion (A): Mining causes land degradation in states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha.
Reason (R): Mining leads to deforestation and leaves deep scars and overburden on the land.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Mining activities remove vegetation and disrupt land structure, leading to long-term degradation.
Q.15 Assertion (A): Arid soils are generally fertile and humus-rich.
Reason (R): Arid soils are found in areas of high rainfall and dense vegetation.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is false, but R is true
d. Both A and R are false
Answer:- d. Both A and R are false
Explanation: Arid soils lack moisture and humus due to dry climate and high temperature, not high rainfall.
