Here are the Assertion & Reason Questions of Chapter 1 ‘Resources and development’. These questions will help you practice different types of questions which can be asked in exams.
Must practice these Assertion/Reason questions
Q.1 Assertion (A): Resources are not free gifts of nature.
Reason (R): Resources are created through the interaction of human beings with nature using technology.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Resources become useful only when humans apply knowledge and technology to natural materials.
Q.2 Assertion (A): Indiscriminate use of resources has led to environmental problems.
Reason (R): Overuse of resources has caused issues like land degradation, global warming, and ozone depletion.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Overexploitation of resources for human greed has led to severe ecological crises.
Q.3 Assertion (A): Sustainable development is necessary for the survival of future generations.
Reason (R): Sustainable development means using resources for present needs without compromising future needs.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Sustainability ensures that natural resources are conserved for future generations.
Q.4 Assertion (A): Agenda 21 was adopted to encourage countries to exploit natural resources more.
Reason (R): Agenda 21 promotes economic development at the cost of the environment.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. Both A and R are false
Answer:- d. Both A and R are false
Explanation: Agenda 21 promotes sustainable development, not exploitation of resources.
Q.5 Assertion (A): Resource planning is essential in India.
Reason (R): India has uneven distribution of resources across different regions.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Some Indian states are rich in one resource but poor in others; hence balanced planning is required.
Q.6 Assertion (A): The availability of resources automatically leads to development.
Reason (R): Development depends only on the natural richness of a region.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is false, but R is true
d. Both A and R are false
Answer:- d. Both A and R are false
Explanation: Development depends not only on natural resources but also on technology, institutions, and human resources.
Q.7 Assertion (A): Gandhiji believed that greed and modern technology are responsible for resource depletion.
Reason (R): He supported mass production using machines to meet growing needs.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- c. A is true, but R is false
Explanation: Gandhiji was against mass production and preferred production by the masses. He blamed greed and exploitative technology for resource depletion.
Q.8 Assertion (A): Net Sown Area (NSA) is high in states like Punjab and Haryana.
Reason (R): These states have fertile alluvial soil and good irrigation facilities.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Punjab and Haryana have over 80% NSA due to fertile land and well-developed irrigation from rivers and canals.
Q.9 Assertion (A): Land under permanent pastures in India has decreased over the years.
Reason (R): Pasture lands are being diverted to construction and cultivation.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Pressure on land for urbanisation and agriculture has reduced grazing land.
Q.10 Assertion (A): Over-irrigation in Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh has led to land degradation.
Reason (R): Over-irrigation causes water logging which increases salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Excess water prevents proper air circulation and leads to salt accumulation, degrading soil quality.
Q.11 Assertion (A): Black soil is also known as cotton soil.
Reason (R): Black soil is ideal for cotton cultivation due to its moisture retention capacity and fertility.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: The clayey texture and nutrient-rich composition of black soil make it suitable for cotton farming.
Q.12 Assertion (A): Alluvial soil is found mainly in the Peninsular Plateau.
Reason (R): Alluvial soil is deposited by rivers in flood plains and deltas.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is false, but R is true
d. A is true, but R is false
Answer:- c. A is false, but R is true
Explanation: Alluvial soil is mostly found in the northern plains and river deltas, not in the Peninsular Plateau.
Q.13 Assertion (A): Soil is a renewable resource, but it takes millions of years to form just a few centimeters.
Reason (R): Soil formation is a slow process influenced by climate, parent rock, relief, and organisms.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Soil takes thousands to millions of years to form through natural, physical and chemical processes.
Q.14 Assertion (A): Mining causes land degradation in states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha.
Reason (R): Mining leads to deforestation and leaves deep scars and overburden on the land.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Mining activities remove vegetation and disrupt land structure, leading to long-term degradation.
Q.15 Assertion (A): Arid soils are generally fertile and humus-rich.
Reason (R): Arid soils are found in areas of high rainfall and dense vegetation.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is false, but R is true
d. Both A and R are false
Answer:- d. Both A and R are false
Explanation: Arid soils lack moisture and humus due to dry climate and high temperature, not high rainfall.
If you’ve reached the end of this post, you’re already preparing yourself well to excel in exams. Feel free to ask your doubts and share your feedback in the comments. I’d love to know your experience and whether these questions were helpful. All the questions here are carefully checked, but if you notice any error or have a doubt, do let me know in the comment section. Wishing you all the very best for your exams!
