These are the NCERT questions and answers from Chapter 1 – Resources and Development. They are designed to help students understand the chapter clearly and develop the skill of writing accurate, well-structured answers in exams. NCERT questions are important because they form the base of every topic, and practicing them strengthens your fundamental understanding. Going through these solutions will give you a good idea of how to frame your answers effectively and score better. It’s always best to master these before attempting additional or advanced questions.
Questions:-
1. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.
Answer:- Three states with black soil are Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh. This soil holds moisture well. Cotton is mainly grown in it (black soil) because it needs rich, deep, and moisture-retentive soil.
(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
Answer:- Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast. It is very fertile, rich in minerals, and good for farming. It has a fine texture and holds moisture well.
(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
Answer:- In hilly areas, soil erosion can be controlled by terrace farming, which slows down water flow. Planting trees also helps. Contour ploughing reduces water runoff and protects the soil.
2. Answer the following questions in about 120 words
(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61?
Answer:- India’s land is divided into categories like agricultural land, forest area, grazing land, land for settlements and industries, and wasteland. The largest share of land is used for farming due to the high population and food demand.
Since 1960-61, forest area has not increased much because:
- Rapid population growth has increased the demand for agricultural land and housing.
- Expansion of towns, cities, and industries has led to deforestation.
- Illegal cutting of trees and forest degradation continue to reduce forest cover.
- Afforestation programs exist but are slow and insufficient to balance forest loss.
Therefore, despite efforts, forest land growth remains limited.
(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of
resources?
Answer:- There are several reasons for increase in consumption of resources due to technical and economic development. These are:-
- Use of Machines and Factories: Technical development introduced machines, factories, and vehicles, increasing resource use.
- Rise in Income and Demand: Economic growth raised people’s income and demand for goods and services.
- Industrial Growth: Modern industries consume more minerals, coal, petroleum, and electricity.
- Modern Agriculture:Advanced farming uses more water, fertilizers, and energy.
- Urbanisation and Lifestyle Changes: As more people shift to urban areas, the demand for housing, transport, electricity, and consumer goods increases, leading to greater use of natural resources.
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